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pYrIar eI[ vI[ rfmfsvfmI nfiekr jI df jnm qfmlnfzU dy ieroz ivKy 17 sqµbr 1879 ƒ hoieaf. ipqf df nfm vyNktf nfeIkr aqy mF df nF icµnf QfeI aµmfl sI. rfmfsvfmI df pflx poÈx AuhnF dI dfdI mF ny kIqf ies leI Auh iËafdf qr dfdI mF kol hI rihµdy sn. AuhnF dI smfijk gqIivDIaF ivwc muwZ qoN hI ruwcI sI. AuhnF dy ipqf aroz ngr dy iewk ivAupfrI sn. mfqf Dfrimk ivcfrF dI pwkI DfrnI sI. Dfrimk pRcfrkF df AuhnF dy Gr afm afAuxf jfxf sI. rfmfsvfmI qyË qrfr buwDI df bflk sI. Gr dy Aus ƒ smwisaf smJdy. pYrIar bcpn ivwc hI dilqF nfl Gul imlky rihµdy, AuhnF nfl bYT ky Kfxf KFdy jo Aus dy GridaF ƒ cµgf nhI lwgdf sI. dilq bwicaF nfl Kyzx qoN rokx leI AuhnF ƒ Gr ivwc bµn ky rwiKaf jFdf aqy Auh rfmfsvfmI ƒ dilqF nfl myl imlfp qoN vrjdy sn. rfmfsvfmI dy ipqf AuhnF ƒ afpxy pfs lY afey, qF jo ik AuhnF ƒ dilqF nfl myl imlfp qoN roikaf jf sky. pr Auh iPr vI nf ruky qd Ausdy GridaF ny rfmfsvfmI ƒ skUl dfKl krvf idwqf. AuhnF ƒ skUl dfKl krfAux df mqlv isrP ieh sI ik AuhnF ƒ dilqF vwlH jfx dI ivhl hI nf imly. jd AuhnF ƒ skUl Byijaf igaf qF Auh Pyr dilqF dy nfl Kfx pIx aqy Gulx imlx lwgy. rfmfsvfmI ƒ dilq lokF nfl myl imlfp qoN rokx leI AuhnF dy GridaF ny Aus dIaF lwqF ƒ ˵ËIrF pf dyxIaF, Aus ƒ Coty Coty lwkV dy moiCaf nfl bµn dyxf. svfmI ny moCy moiZaF qy AuTfAuxy qy dilq bwicaF nfl jf ky Kyzx lwg jfxf. AuhnF dy Grdy 15 idn Ausƒ iesy qrHF bµndy rhy pr rfmfsvfmI dilq bwicaF nfl Kyzx qoN nf ruky. sjf vjoN Aus ƒ iewk vfr iewk hËfr bfr ieh ilKx ƒ ikhf igaf ik ‘‘mYN awgoN qoN dilq bwicaF nfl nhIN KyzUµgf.'' mfr pIt qoN bcx leI rfmfsvfmI ny ieh iewk hËfr vfr qF ilwK idwqf, pr Aus dy msUm mn Auwqy ies df Ault pRBfv ipaf. svfmI smfj qy bRfhmxvfdI ivvsQf pRqI ivdroh krn leI bfgI ho igaf.

rfmfsvfmI ajy 8 sfl dy hI sn ik smfijk kurIqIaF pRqI AuhnF dy mn ivwc ivdroh AuwT KVf hoieaf. smfj dy iewk vrg dilqF ƒ durkfr ky rwiKaf jfvy, ieh AuhnF ƒ kqeI mnËUr nhIN sI. AuhnF ies Dfrimk pfKµz ƒ Éqm krn dI qfx leI. Auh dilq ivhiVaF ivwc jFdy, AuhnF dy duwK drd suxdy. ies gwl ny ik grmI ho jf srdI, jF iPr hovy brsfq, dilqF ƒ vgfr krnI hI pYNdI sI. mINh pYNdy ivwc vI dilq aOrqF tokrIaF ivwc twtI AuTfAuNdIaF, isr qy ZohµdIaF. koeI idaflU byhI rotI ijs ƒ kuqf vI nf KFdf, AuhnF ƒ dy idµdf. Auh Aus ƒ pytIkot ivwc rwK lYNdIaF. AuproN pfxI brsdf, twtI Gul Gul AuhnF dy srIr qy pYNdI. rotI gµdy pfxI nfl qr ho jFdI. vihl smyN Auh dilq aOrqF jd igwlI rotI KFdIaF qF rfmfsvfmI ƒ bhuq duwK huµdf. Auh socdy ik bRfhmxvfdI ivvsQf ny Bojn aqy twtI df Byd imtf idwqf hY. EhnF ikhf, vfh! ikµnf suµdr eIÈvr, iksmq, punrjnm, CUaf Cfq aqy ihµdUaF df swiqam iÈvm suµdrm! rfmfsvfmI dy mn Auwqy vydF qy mµqrF dy rcnkfr ‘Edflk' dI pqnI dI khfxI ny vI bhuq asr pfieaf. sµKyp ivwc khfxI ieh hY ik ‘Edflk dI pqnI ƒ iewk qrux bRfhmx iKwc ky JfVIaF Ehly lY igaf qy Aus nfl jbrdsqI blfqkfr krn lwgf. Auh mdd leI icwlf rhI sI qF Edflk dy puwqr ÈvYqkyqU ny ipqf ƒ ikhf, ‘ipqf jI mF shfieqf leI icwlf rhI hY. bRfhmx nOjvfn Aus nfl JfVI ipwCy blfqkfr kr irhf hY, afp kuwJ nhIN kr rhy.' qF Edflk ny ikhf ik puwqr ieh iesqrI Drm hY. aOrqF ƒ mrdF dI kfmvfsnf pUrI krnI hI cfhIdI hY.'

19 sfl dI Aumr ivwc AuhnF df ivafh nfgmmfeI nfl ho igaf. nfgmmfeI vI rUVIvfdI lVkI sI. pihlF pihlF qF nfgmmfeI ƒ rfmfsvfmI dy ivcfr cµgy nf lwgy pr smF pf ky Auh rfmfsvfmI dy ivcfrF qoN bhuq pRBfvq hoeI qy iPr Auh rfmfsvfmI dy ivcfrF dI DfrnI hI nhIN bxI blik brfbr dI sfQx bx geI. iesqrIaF duafrf gly ivwc pihnx vfly gihxy ‘QflI' jF hµslI ƒ Auh gulfmI df pRqIk mµndy sn. ies krky AuhnF ny afpxI pqnI dy gly ivwcoN hµslI luhf idwqI. Auh pivwqr iqAuhfrF dy idn hI svfdI cIËF dy Bojn ijwd krky bxvfAuNdy aqy KFdy. afpxI pqnI aqy prvfr dy dUjy mYNbrF ƒ Auh mµdr nhIN jfx idµdy sn. Auh aksr dilq imwqrF ƒ afpxy Gr dfavq dy ky AuhnF ƒ Bojn krfAuNdy sn. rfmf svfmI duafrf pqnI dy gly 'coN hµslI AuqrfAux nfl qF Gr ivwc qUPfn KVHf ho igaf. muÈkl hflfq df sfhmxf krdy hoey Auh Jukx dI QF ipqf df Gr Cwz ky ikqy hor jgHf qy rihx lwg pey. qQfgq buwD dI qrF svfmI jI ny vI swc dI Koj leI Gr iqafg idwqf. AuhnF AuwqrI Bfrq dy keI ÈihrF dI Xfqrf kIqI. keI rfqF KuwlHy asmfn Qwly suwqy. AuhnF vwK vwK qIrQ sQfnF df aDaYn kIqf pr AuhnF dy mn ƒ koeI ÈFqI nf hoeI. aµq Auh iPr Gr vfps prq afey. hux Auh bdly hoey iensfn sn.
AuhnF ny smfijk aµdolnF ivwc Bfg lYxf ÈurU kIqf. dilq ÈoiÈq pIVq pRfxIaF dI pIVf dUr krn leI AuhnF sµgTq Zµg nfl Xqn ÈurU krn df PYNslf kIqf. pihlF qF Auh afpxy ipqf dy kµm ivwc juwt gey. 1911 ivwc AuhnF dy ipqf dI mOq ho geI. kµm df sfrf boJ dovF BrfvF qy af igaf. keI trwstF dy Auh mYNbr bx gey. afpxy ivcfrF aqy suBfa kfrn idn pRqI idn Auh lok ipRX huµdy gey. AuhnF ƒ ngr df snmfnq mYijstryt bxfieaf igaf. iPr Auh ieroz ngr pfilkf dy pRDfn cuxy gey.

rfmfsvfmI dI inÈkfm smfj syvf qoN acfrIaf ikRmlfnI bhuq pRBfvq sn. Aus ny soicaf rfmfsvfmI ƒ kFgrs dy ihwq leI AupXog kIqf jfvy. Aus ny rfmfsvfmI ƒ kFgrs ivwc Èfml hox leI swdf idwqf. Ausdf swdf svIkfr kr ilaf aqy kFgrs ivwc Èfml ho gey. 1919 ivwc gFDI jI ny nf-imlvrqn aµdoln ÈurU kIqf. rfmfsvfmI jI dI rihnumfeI ivwc dwKxI Bfrq ivwc aµdoln sPl hoieaf. ies aµdoln qoN bfad pYrIar dwKx dy hIro bx gey. AuhnF dI lgn, dyÈ BgqI, Xogqf aqy iqafg ivwc brfbrI krn vflf koeI nhIN sI. ies leI AuhnF ƒ qfimlnfzo pRdyÈ df kFgrs df pRDfn bxfieaf igaf. pYrIar rfmfsvfmI dI afpxI irafsq sI. Aus dI irafsq ivwc iewk hËfr ‘qfVI' (Èrfb) dy drwKq sn. jd Aus ny nÈfbµdI aµdoln clfieaf qF Aus pihlF Gr qoN hI ÈurU kIqf. qfVI dy sB drwKq putvf idwqy gey. gFDI jI dy nf imlvrqn aµdoln ivwc vI Aus ny Aus vkq dy 50 hËfr rupey dy pRnot aqy bFz ijhnF ƒ srkfrI adflqF rfhIN hI Kulvfieaf jf skdf sI, adflqF df bfeIkft krky nÈt kr idwqf. ijhnF dI awj kImq kroVF rupey bxdI hY.

kyrlf df qrfvn kor kocIn irafsq ivwc iewk bYkm mµdr sI. ies mµdr qy mƒvfdIaF df kbjf sI. AuhnF ny mµdr dIaF afly duafly dIaF sVkF qy dilqF dy afAux jfx qy pfbµdI lfeI hoeI sI. jy dilq AuhnF vrijq rfhF qy jFdy qF bRfhmxvfdI AuhnF dI hwiqaf kr idµdy. bRfhmxvfdIaF ƒ koeI sËf nhIN sI, ies leI dilq kdI AuwDr jfx dI jurrq hI nf krdy. jd ik AuhnF rfhF qy kuwqy, ibwly, sUar, gDy ibnf iksy rok tok mtr gÈqI krdy rihµdy. kyrl ivwc bfeIkOm aµdoln AuwiTaf. bfeIkOm aµdoln Aus Kyqr dy dilq khy jfx vfly lokF qy amfnvI jlmF qy bµDnF dy iKlfP sI. ieh bµDn eyny kTor aqy inrdeI sn ik dilq afpxIaF gµdIaF bsqIaF ivwc nËrbµd rihµdy sn. dilq lok svrnF dy muhwilaF ivwc jFdy qF Aus ƒ aprfD mµinaf jFdf qy ies leI AuhnF ƒ dµz idwqf jFdf sI. jfrj josP bfeIkOm aµdoln dy ieµcfrj sn. aµdoln kfrn AuhnF ƒ jylH ivwc bµd kr idwqf igaf. CyqI hI rfmfsvfmI jI aµdoln dy nvyN nyqf dy rUp ivwc bfeIkOm phuµc gey. AuhnF ny mhfrfjf ƒ dws idwqf ik Auh aµdoln leI mrn jF ijAux leI afey hn. PlsrUp rfmfsvfmI jI ƒ vI igRPqfr kr ilaf igaf. rfmfsvfmI dy igRPqfr huµdy hI AuhnF dI pqnI nfgmmfeI aqy aYs[ rfmfnfQn ny aµdoln dI vfgzor sµBfl leI. nfgmmfeI ny rfj dIaF aOrqF ƒ sµgTq krky aijhf qUPfn KVHf kr idwqf ik rfj df ÈfÈn aqy jnqf hYrfn rih geI. iswty vjoN dilqF dy aiDkfrF ƒ svIkfr kr ilaf igaf aqy AuhnF dy afm rfhF qy afAux jfx qy lwgIaF sfrIaF pfbµdIaF htf leIaF geIaF.

rfj gopflcfrI ƒ rfmfsvfmI df dilq AuwQfn aµdoln psµd nf afieaf. jd rfmfsvfmI jylH ivwc sn qF ÈRI rfjgopflcfrI ny AuhnF ƒ pwqr iliKaf ik qusIN afpxf pRdyÈ Cwz ky dUjy pRdyÈ ivwc dilq AuQfn aµdoln ikAuN clf rhy ho. aµdoln Cwzky vfps af jfE. pr svfmI jI qy rfj gopflcfrI df koeI rfj nf cwilaf. gFDI ny pYrIar ƒ ikhf ik ieh kFgrs df ivÈf nhIN hY. sfzf ivÈf afjfdI df hY. asIN afjfdI cfhuµdy hF. asIN CUUaf-Cfq ƒ dUr nhIN krnf cfhuµdy . ieh sfzy ivÈy ivc nhIN hY. dyÈ afËfd ho jfvygf, bfad ivc dyiKaf jfvygf ik kI krnf hY. lyikn awj isrP asIN aµgryËF ƒ dyÈ ivcoN kwZxf hY. ies leI rfmfsvfmI jI ny kFgrs Cwzx df ivcfr kr ilaf. 1925 ivwc rfmfsvfmI jI jsits pfrtI ivwc Èfml ho gey. smfijk burfeIaF aqy aµD ivÈvfs dy iKlfP AuwTy ienklfbF df aiDan krn leI rfmfsvfmI aqy rfmnfQn 1931-32 ivwc XUrp df dOrf kIqf. Auh rUs, jrmnI, lMzn, PrFs gey. AuhnF iewQy vwK vwK aµdolnF df gµBIr aiDan kIqf. rUsI smfj ivvsQf qoN svfmI jI bhuq pRBfvq hoey. rfmfsvfmI jI ny ‘afqm snmfn aµdoln' ÈurU kIqf. ies aµdoln df iekmfqr AudyÈ AuhnF Dfrimk DfrnfvF ƒ jVoN AuKyVnf sI ijs dy shfry jfqpfq, AUcnIc, CUaf Cfq, iBµn-Byd dI ivvsQf brkrfr sI.

svfmI jI ny dwisaf ik eIÈvr dI koeI swqf nhIN hY. AuhnF ƒ Aus qoN koeI inwjI lfB nhIN ho skdf. ies leI nfsiqk aqy nfsiqkqf ÈbdF df ivroD kyvl AuhnF ivakqIaF ny kIqf hY jo eIÈvr dy ivÈy ivwc vpfr aqy lYx dyx krdy hn. aijhy ivAupfrIaF qoN ielfvf iksy hor ƒ ies dI icµqf vI nhIN hY? ieÈvr qy Drm dI Koj mnuwK ƒ Cwz ky ikys hor pRfxI leI nhIN kIqI geI. zr dI Bfvnf hI Drm aqy eIÈvr dI hoNd ƒ svIkfr krdI hY. Drm aqy eIÈvr hI amIr-grIb, AUc-nIc aqy CUaf-Cfq df jnm dfqf hY. jy eIÈvr qy Drm dI hoNd huµdI qF DrqI qy smfnqf huµdI. jy sµsfr ivwcoN amIrI, jfq pfq qy CUaf Cfq imtf idwqI jfvy qF Drm aqy eIÈvr afpxy afp nÈt ho jfxgy. afqmf vI QoQI klpxf hY. ijs qrHF iewk JUT ƒ CupfAux leI bfr bfr JUT bolxf pYdf hY AuvyN hI ihµdUqqv ƒ bcfAux leI kflpink afqmf-pRmfqmf, nrk-svrg, punr jnm, iksmq afid JUT df shfrf lYxf pYNdf hY. ieh sB aµD ivÈvfs qoN ielfvf kuwJ vI nhIN hY. AuhnF spwÈt ikhf ik koeI vI Drm afm lokF leI aYsf mfrg nhIN dwsdf ijs nfl Auh afpxf pyt pfl skx.

mnuwK svrg aqy mukqI pRfpq krn dI Bfvnf nfl Drm aqy eIÈvr ivwc ivÈvfs krdf hY. jykr sµsfr ivwcoN amIrI, ÈfÈkI swqf aqy AUc nIc df ivcfr imwt jfvy qF Drm aqy eIÈvr dI swqf awKF qoN dUr ho ky nÈt ho jfvygI. kI eIÈvr kIiVaF mkOiVaF df iÈkfr krn vfly murgIaF ƒ jF iPr murigaF dy bwicaF ƒ AuTf ky lY jfx vfly igrJ ƒ dµz dy skdf hY? agr Auh dµz dy skdf hY qF dImk aqy icwkV jo lwkV aqy lohf Kf jFdy hn, ƒ dµz dy ky ivKfey? ijs qrHF iek JUT dy bdly anyk JUTF dI afsrf lYxf pYNdf hY, Ausy qrHF imwiQaF drÈn Bfv ihµdUqv ƒ kfiem rwKx leI imwQhfs, afqmf, pRmfqmf, svrg, nrk, punr jnm, iksmq afid JUTIaF klpnfvF df jfl buixaf igaf hY. smfj suDfrvfdI lok, rfjnIqk svfrQ leI jnqf ƒ smfijk suDfr dy nfm qy guµmrfh krdy hn. sfzy dyÈ ivwc ieh suDfr jfqIgq BydBfv dy aDfr qy clfey jFdy hn. pirxfm srUp muwZ qoN aµq qwk asmfnqf dI siQqI smfj ivwc bxI rihµdI hY. eIÈvr, Drm, vyd, sfÈqrF ivwc aµD ivÈvfs kfrn sfzy dyÈ dy suDfrk dyÈ ivwc koeI vI suDfr nhIN ilaf sky. BfrqI smfj ivwc Byd Bfv dI nIqI ny kuwJ jfqIaF ƒ bhuq lfB phuµcfieaf hY aqy awj vI puhµcf rhI hY. ieh lok iehnF suDfrF vwl Ërf vI iDafn nhIN idµdy. smfj dy punr inrmfx df arQ hY, sB qoN pihlF purfxy ZFcy df mukµml Kfqmf qy iPr nfloN nfl nvF inrmfx krnf hY. ies punr inrmfx dy kfrj leI dirVH inÈcy aqy sfhs dy pRdrÈn dI ËrUrq hY. jy aµDivÈvfsF qy aDfrq iehnF purfqn prµprfvF dI hoNd bxI rhI qF smfj ivwc suDfr krn dI pRikRaf ivwc pUrn asPlqf hI imlygI.

eIÈvr, Drm, dyvI dyvqy hI kyvl aµD ivÈvfs ƒ AuqÈfhq nhIN krdy, sgoN Bly bury idnF df ivÈvfs, sµklp, qIrQ Xfqrf, Dfrimk sQfn aqy sfDUaF dI pRsµsf afid vI aµD ivÈvfs dy pRcfr ivwc shfieqf krdy hn. ijs kfrn mnuwK dI ÈkqI, buwDI, Dn aqy smyN df nuksfn huµdf hY. jdoN ik Bfrq kudrqI sfDnf nfl BrpUr hY, iPr vI ieh dfsqf, inrDnqf aqy pCVypx dy bµDnF ivwc bµinHaf hoieaf hY. ies df iewk mfqr kfrn mnuwKF df aµD ivÈfvs hI hY.
jy srkfr swc muwc hI vrx ivvsQf ƒ htfAux leI vcnbwD hY qF iPr Auh aijhIaF pusqkF aqy sfihq qy pfbµdI lgf dyvy, ijs ivwc vrx ivvsQf dI pRȵsf kIqI geI hovy. AuhnF sfrIaF pusqkF dI holI jlf idwqI jfvy jo aµDivÈvfs, vrx ivvsQf aqy jfqI pfqI BydBfvF nfl BrpUr hn. ȵkrfcfrIaf aqy mfDIpqI afid Drm nyqfvF ƒ jo awj vI vrx ivvsQf df AupdyÈ krdy iPrdy hn, qqkfl AuhnF qy pfbµdI lgf idwqI jfvy jF iPr AuhnF ƒ dyÈ inkflf dy idwqf jfvy. jvfhrfq aqy bhumuwly rqnF dy rUp ivwc mµdrF ivwc jmF kIqI roeI amul Dn rfÈI Ëbq kr leI jfvy aqy Aus ƒ lokF ƒ iswiKaq bxfAux aqy byruËgfrI dUr krn leI vriqaf jfvy. mukqI df shI arQ hY, iewk aijhI siQqI ijwQy mnuwK icµqfvF aqy duwK qklIPF qoN mukq hovy, afËfd hovy. mnuwK ijµnf iËafdf rwb ivwc ivÈvfs rwKygf, Aus qy Auqnf iËafdf boJ vwDdf jfvygf. aijhy afdmI dIaF iewCfvF aqy kµmF df koeI aµq nhIN huµdf. ieh koeI hYrfnI vflI gwl nhIN, rwb ivwc gihrf aqy pwkf ivÈvfs aijhy lokF df ivÈyÈ krky huµdf hY jo ijafdf glqIaF krdy hn. Auh kfƒn ivroDI krm krdy hn. smfj ivcly DoKybfË, TwgIaF krn vfly ansr, rwb ivwc ijafdf ivÈvfs krdy hn. Auh hI vDyry pUjf krdy ivKfeI dyxgy. aijhy lok iksy vI smyN rwb ƒ nf Buldy hn aqy nf Cwzdy hn. mYƒ iËafdf vpfrI lokF bfry kihx dI loV nhIN, jo bVy DUm DVwky nfl rwb dI pUjf krdy hn.

ivÈv pwDr qy smfj ivwc iesqrIaF dI siQqI dy mukfbly BfrqI smfj ivwc iesqrIaF dI siQqI inmn pwDr dI hY. ieh ikhf jFdf hY ik ijs pRkfr Èyr dy Bojn leI dUjy vxjIv bxfey gey hn, ibwlI dy Bojn leI cUihaF dI rcnf kIqI hoeI hY, Ausy qrHF iesqrI purÈF dI dfsI dy rUp ivwc bxfeI geI hY. jy eIÈvr df ieh ivDfn hY qF sµsfr qoN aijhy eIÈvr ƒ htf dyxf cfhIdf hY. ijwQy iesqrI df dfsI df rUp hovygf AuwQy svYmfn vfly smfj df inrmfx nhIN ho skdf. mnuwKF dy nfl nfl nfrIaF dI suqµqrqf aqy smfnqf pUrn swiBaqf dI pRfpqI leI iewk aihm kVI hY qy ies qoN ibnF smfj pUrn qOr qy swiBak nhIN ho skdf.
mƒ mhfrfj kihµdf aOrq cfr idvfrI 'c kYd rihxI cfhIdI hY. aOrq bcpn ivwc bfp dy, juafnI ivwc pqI dy aqy buZfpy ivwc puwqrF dy kµtrol ivwc rihxI cfhIdI hY. dUjy pfsy mrd ƒ ieh KuwlHI CuwtI idwqI geI hY ik Auh srkfrI sfnH vFg ijwQy mrjI Gumdf rhy. afdmIaF leI iewk inXm aqy aOrqF leI dUsrf inXm pUrI qrHF inSdx Xog hY. ieh smfnqf dy isDFq dy sfhmxy kdy vI itk nhIN skdf. smfj ivwc jfqI Byd-Bfv pihlf qoN nhIN cl irhf. dµz ivDfn dI inXmfvlI dy aDIn ies ivvsQf df jnm hoieaf hY. mƒ ismrqI, kotwilaf df arQ sfÈqr, rmfiex, mhF Bfrq, gIqf, vyd, purfx afid gRµQ ies dy jnm dfqy hn. blvfn duafrf inrbl Auwpr ÈfÈn, jfqIvfd df aDfr hY. jnm jfq jfqIvfd df kI arQ hY? ies gwl df koeI pRmfx nhIN ho skdf ik koeI ivakqI iksy iewk aKoqI nIc jfqI ivwc pYdf hox krky mnuwKI pd, AuwcI ibrqI, cirwqr aqy buwDI pRfpq krn dI Xogqf nhIN rwKdf. ieh pRikrqI dy inXm dy ivruwD hY. jnm dy smyN smfnqf hox dy bfvjUd vI BivwK jIvn ivwc ÈoÈkF vwlHoN asmfnqf df pfT pVHfieaf jFdf hY. jo iewk sfijÈ hY.

hryk jfqI dI jnsµiKaf dy anupfq dy nfl AuhnF ƒ jIvn dy hryk Kyqr ivwc pRqIinwDqf dy ky srkfr ies ibmfrI ƒ dUr kr skdI hY. BOiqk pdfrQF dy AupXog ivwc smfnqf df ivvhfr AuhnF dy pwDr ƒ Auwcf krygf ijs nfl ies siQqI ivwc AUc nIc df Byd Bfv imwt jfeygf aqy jfqIvfd df mihl izwg jfvygf. aCUqpx df kfrn rfjnIqk dfsqf nhIN, ieh qF kyvlmfqr ihµdU Drm dI dyx hY. smfj suDfrkF df ieh prm krqwv hY ik Auh ies aCUqpx rUpI rfKÈ df Kfqmf krn. ies dy Kfqmy leI jy loV pvy qF ihµdU Drm ƒ vI nÈt kr dyx. Bfrq ivwc jwd qwk eIÈvr dI hoNd rhygI, qwd qwk CUaf Cfq rhygI. CUaf Cfq iewk aYsf iGnOxf CVXµqr hY ijs kfrn dilqF ƒ pÈUaF qoN vI bwdqr smiJaf jFdf hY. dilqF nfl mµdr bxfAux dI pRikiraf qoN lY ky mµdr ivwc mUrqI sQfpq hox qwk, nf qF Auh jgHf apivwqr huµdI hY, aqy nf hI mUrqI iBwt huµdI hY, pRµqU ijAuN hI mµdr bx jFdf hY, mUrqI sQfpq ho jFdI hY, pÈUaF dy ml mUqr nfl mUrqI pivwqr kIqI jFdI hY, qd iPr jy dilq AuhnF ƒ Coh lvy qF Auh apivwqr ho jFdy hn. aOrqF aqy dilqF ƒ ivwidaf dy Kyqr ivwc spYÈl mOky dyxy cfhIdy hn.

asIN ieh lwB ilaf hY ik sfzI ieh drdnfk siQqI bxfAux dy pµj kfrn hn. sfzI ieh axhoxI dy kfrnF ivwcoN rwb vI iewk kfrn hY. asIN Aus rwb ƒ vI, jo nIc qy AUc bxfAuNdf hY, qbfh kr dyxf cfhuµdy hF. asIN lB ilaf hY ik kFgrs vI sfzI axhoxI df iewk kfrx hY jo sfzI byiewËqI, nIcqf leI ijµmyvfr hY. ies leI asIN kFgrs ƒ Kqm krnf cfhuµdy hF. asIN lwB ilaf hY ik mhfqmf gFDI ny sfzy ihwqF ivruwD kµm kIqf. ies leI asIN Aus dy pRBfv QwilAuN inklxf cfhuµdy hF. asIN dyKdy hF ik bRfhmxvfd vI iewk aijhI mfrU qfkq hY, ijs ny sfzI qbfhI kIqI hY, ies leI asIN Aus dy Ault hF. asIN dyKdy hF ik Drm jo gYr mnuwKI hY, smfj aµdr iewk burfeI hY. ies leI asIN gYr mnuwKI Drm ƒ vI nÈt krnf cfhuµdy hF. svYmfn df aµdoln iehnF sfrIaF burfeIaF df ivroDI hY ikAuNik Auprokq pµjy rwb, Drm, bRfhmxvfd, kFgrs, gFDI afid ÈkqIaF ny sfzI jnqf ƒ iehnF dy gulfm bxfieaf hY. jdoN qwk asIN iehnF pµjy qfkqF ƒ nÈt nhIN kr idµdy qwd qwk asIN afpxy lokF ƒ smfijk i˵dgI dIaF igrIaF hflqF ivwcoN bfhr ilafky vDIaf nhIN mbxf skdy.

Posted on September 16, 2010

15 sqµbr inrvfx idvs 'qy ivÈyÈ bfbf sfihb aµbyzkr dy rqn, nfnk cµd rwqU jI zf[ aYs[ aYl[ ivrdI aYzvokyt

bfbf sfihb aµbyzkr jI dy rqn nfnk cµd rwqU jI bfbf sfihb dy 6 sfl qwk inwjI skwqr qy 17 sfl qwk bfbf sfihb dy nfl aµiqm smyN qwk rhy. rwqU jI ny mUkjnF dy mhF nfiek Xuwg purÈ zf[ aµbyzkr jI dI jI jfn nfl syvf kIqI. rwqU jI ny inr-svfrQ, dhfikaF qwk injI skwqr qOr qy, smripq qOr qy BUimkf inBfeI. rwqU jI ny bfbf sfihb ƒ hr rµg, hr mUz 'c dyiKaf. KuÈI ivwc, gm ivwc, guwsy ivwc, ivaµg qrµg ivwc, mfnisk kÈt aqy srIrk qklIP ivwc vI iewQoN qwk ik jd bfbf sfihb aiq inrfÈf ivwc kOm dy ainÈicq BivwK ƒ soc ky awKF 'coN awQrU kyrn lwg pYNdy qF Aus vyly vI AuhnF dI Zfrs rwqU jI bxdy. bfbf sfihb jI dy 6 dsµbr 1956 ƒ akfl clfnf krn dI Kbr suxky AuhnF dI koTI qy sB qoN pihlF puwjm vfilaF ivwc vI rwqU jI sn ijhnF ny hor sfQIaF smyq dyh ƒ jhfË rFhI bµbeI cYqX BUmI phuµcfieaf sI. bfbf jI dy jIvn dIaF Zyr sfrIaF purfxIaF GtnfvF dy ieklOqy cÈmdIq gvfh vI rwqU jI hn. nfnk cµd rwqU jI df jnm ijlHf huiÈafrpur dy ipµz skrUlI ivKy iek afid DrmI pirvfr ivc hoieaf. rwqU jI ny iewk vfr ‘sjg pRhrI' dy sµpfdk nfl hoeI ByNt vfrqf ivc afpxy jIvn sµGrÈ pRqI cfnxf pfAuNidaF dwisaf :-

‘‘myry smyN ivc jfgrUkqf dI lihr cwl cwukI sI aqy mYƒ skUl Byjx dI iek anoKI Gtnf rhI hY. hoieaf ieh ik myry mfmf jI styt nfhn jo hux pfiksqfn ivc hY ivKy rihµdy sI. AuwQoN AurdU ivc ilKI icwTI myry ipqf jI ƒ imlI sI. Aus icwTI ƒ pVHfAux dy leI ipµz dy iek bRfhmx ptvfrI jo ik piVHaf iliKaf sI dy kol cly gey, pRµqU Aus ptvfrI ny AunHF icr icwTI pVH ky nhIN suxfeI ijµnF icr AunHF dI GoVI dy vfsqy Gfh aqy Gr vfsqy eINDn nhIN mµgvfieaf. ies dy nfl Aus ny afpxy Gr dy ivÈfl aFgn ƒ vI sfP krnf sI. aµq myry ipqf jI dy kfrx hoeI aÈwuDI ƒ pivwqr krn dy leI pUry aFgn ƒ aqy Kud afpxy Aupr gF df ipÈfb iCVk ky Drm df pflx kIqf sI. ieh Gtnf 1932 dI hY jdoN mYN lgBg ds sfl df sI Ausy idn qoN myry ipqf jI ny mYƒ skUl Byjx df id®V ierfdf kr ilaf sI. ies leI AunHF ny mYƒ pVfieaf mYN ptvfrI, vYksInytr, cpVfsI, kort dy pyÈkfr, hrkfrf iewQoN qwk ik kulI dy leI vI afvydn pwqr dfKl kIqy sI. prµqU sB jgHf ieµtrivAU ivc ieh kihky PylH kr idwqf jFdf sI ik jd qusIN lok nOkrI krn lwgogy qF jwuqIaF kOx bxfeygf aqy KyqF ivc kµm krn leI mËdUr ikwQNo imlxgy. ies qrHF dy jvfbF ny mYƒ inrfÈ kr idwqf sI. Aus smyN pµjfb ivc Gor jfqIvfd aqy CUaf—Cfq df mfhOl sI. pUry jn smUdfie Aupr AuwcI jfqI vfilaF df rfj sI. dilq lokF ƒ srb jnk jgHf ivcoN gujrn nhIN idwqf jFdf sI. pIx vfly pfxI dI jgHf AuproN gµdy aqy twuty zwibaF nfl PtI bFs dI nflIaF nfl pfxI iplfieaf jFdf sI. KUh Aupr cVHn df qF svfl hI pYdf nhIN sI huµdf. dilqF koloN KUb vgfr leI jFdI sI. ivafh ÈfdIaF Aupr aqy hor mOikaF Aupr GrF dI sPfeI-ilpfeI-pocfeI dy nfl-nfl anfj dI ipsfeI vI krfeI jFdI sI.

dilqF dy leI smfijk aqy Dfrmk afdyÈ sI ik AuwcI jfqI df koeI vI ivakqI cfhy Auh bwcf hI ikAuN nf hovy Aus ƒ rfm-rfm, pYr CUhx, pRxfm, nmskfr krnf sB jfieË sI. ipµz ivc pÈUaF dy mrn Auqy dilqF ƒ ZoxF pYNdf sI. nfl hI ieh lok BwuK mrI dy kfrn mry hoey pÈUaF df mfs Kfx leI mËbUr sn.
dilq lok afpxy nrk dy jIvn qoN mukqI pfAux leI Ctptf rhy sI. AuDr bfbf sfihb dy kµmF dI ivÈyÈ crcf pµjfb ivc hI nhIN pUry Bfrq ivc hox lwgI sI. lok sµgiTq hox lwgy sI aqy mukqI dy leI sB kuJ krn ƒ iqafr sn.

ies smyN bfbU mMgUM rfm mUgovflIaf dilqF dy nyqf dy rUp ivc AuBr ky sfhmxy afey. AunHF ny afid Drm mµzl dI sQfpnf krky pUry soiÈq smfj ƒ iekwqr krky iek ÈkqIÈflI aµdoln CyV idwqf sI. Aus smyN pµjfb ivc hux pfiksqfn smyq ihmfcl pRdyÈ, hirafxf df ielfkf Èfml sI. ies aµdlon df muwK dPqr jlMDr sI. ies aµdoln dy nyqf bfbU mMgUM rfm mUgovflIaf ƒ afid DrmI lok sjI hoeI GoVI Auqy ibTf ky AunHF ƒ iljfieaf krdy sn. aqy bVy-bVy sBf sµmylnF df afXojn krdy sI. Aus sµmyln ivc Bfg lYx vfly lokF dI ivÈyÈ gwl ieh huµdI sI ik sB lok mIlF bwDI pYdl cwlky iekwqr huµdy sI aqy afpxy nfl aftf, dfl, guV, ipafj, acfr ilafAuNdy sI. sB ƒ iekwTy krky rotIaF bxfeIaF jFdIaF sI. ijwQy sB iml ky bYT ky iek sfQ KFdy sI. iPr bulfey gey bulfiraF dy BfÈx huµdy sI. myry dfdf jI aqy myry ipqf jI dovyN hI ‘afid Drm mµzl' dy kµmF ivc vD-cVH ky ihwsf lYNdy sI.

pµjfb ivc AunHF idnF ivc Gor jfqIvfd sI AuwcI jfqI vfly qy nIcI jfqI vfly lokF dy ivc mflk aqy gulfm df sbµD sI. aCUq lok vDIaf vsqr, cmkIly jyvr, (sonF-cFdI) kZfeI vflI nvIN jwuqI pihnky nokdfr jF qfbdfr mwuCF, qurlydfr jF nvF sfÌf bµn ky koeI vI mfeI df lfl AuwcI jfqI vfilaF dy ipµz ivcoN jF AunHF dy sfhmxy qoN nhIN inkl skdf sI. prµqU bfbU mMgUM rfm mUgovflIaf dy ies afid Drm aµdoln qoN pRBfvq ho ky iewk dilq nvXuvk lfl sfÌf bµnH ky AUunHF dI qihsIl dy iewk ipµz ivwcoN jo ik rfjpUqF df sI byDVk ho ky inkl igaf sI. ies nfl pUry ipµz ivwc Èor mc igaf. rfjpUqF dIaF iqjOrIaF Auwpr bl pY igaf, muwCF afkV geIaF, bcy KUcy hiQafrF Auwpr muwTF cVHfeIaF geIaF iPr rfjpUqF ny afpxI afn, bfn, Èfn dy leI dilq Xuvk ƒ pkV ky bydrdI nfl pItfeI kIqI, Aus dI lfl pgVI jbrdsqI Koh leI.

bfbU mMgUM rfm mUgovflIaf dy afid Drm mµzl ƒ pqf lwgf qF AunHF ny rfjpUqF ƒ afDuink lihr df pihlF pfT pVHf hI idwqf. ies Gtnf dy ivroD ivwc AunHF ny mfihlpur ipµz ivwc iewk bVI kfnPrµs df afXojn kIqf. ijs ivwc afs pfs dy ielfky sihq lfielpur, srgoDf,imµtguµmrI, mulqfn (jo hux pfiksqfn ivwc hY) qwk dy lok hËfrF dI sµiKaF ivwc iewkTy hoey sI. sB lokF ny sihBoj dy bfad kfnPrµs arµB kIqI. ijs ivwc pµjfb XUnIvristI dy kµtrolr sr iskµdr hXfqKf aqy sr CotUrfm jYsy lokF ny Bfg ilaf. ies mOky hËfrF sfÌy mµgvfey gey. ijnHF ƒ lfl rµg nfl rµg ky suwkf kIqf igaf iPr sB iekwqr hoey lokF ny sfPy bµnH ky rfjpUqF dy ipµzF ivwc jf ky jlUs kwZy. rfjpUqF dIaF muCF bfry qF pqf hI nhI lwgf pRµqU ies Gtnf nfl dilqF ivwc nvyN ieiqhfs dI isrjxf hoeI.

mYN nOkrI dy leI bfbU mMgUM rfm mUgovflIaf dy afid Drm mµzl dy roËgfr dPqr jlMDr ivwc afpxf nfm drj krvf rwiKaf sI. AuwQoN mYƒ idwlI leI kfl lYtr imilaf sI. keI lokF qoN AuDfr mµgxf ipaf pr myry ipqf jI ny bVI muÈikl nfl 12 rupey iekwTy kIqy sI. jlMDr roËgfr dPqr ny mYƒ jrUrI kfgjfq qF idwqy hI, nfl hI Kfx vfsqy lgBg vIh motIaF-motIaF rotIaF aqy guVH-afcfr bµnH idwqf qF ik do idn qwk mYƒ rotI dy leI pYsf nf Krc krnf pvy. idwlI ivwc mYƒ ieh kih ky PylH kr idwqf ik ipµz ivwc qyry bdly kOx kµm krygf?

sµn 1940 df pihlf hÌqf lwgf sI bfbf sfihb idwlI afey hooey sn. vYstrn kort dI 2 nSbr koTI ivwc mY bfbf jI dy pihlI vfr drÈn kIqy sI. Aus smy mYƒ lwgf myrI sflF purfxI afÈf pUrI ho geI hY. iewQy mY ieh gwl Kfs qOr qy kihxI cfhuµdf hF ik Bfg isµG dy nfl ijs hotl ivwc mNY Kfxf KFdf sI Aus df mflk vI iswK sI. Aus ƒ ieh mflUm ho igaf ik myrI jfq vI cmfr hY. vYsy qF Bfg isµG vI aCUq sI pRµqU iek iswK hox dy nfqy Aus dI koeI iewËq sI. hotl dy mfilk ny mYƒ Kfxf KFdy smy hI afpxy hotl ivwcoN kwZ idwqf sI. Aus smy Aus ny ikhf sI ik ‘‘mY cmfrF ƒ afpxy hotl ivwc Kfxf Klf ky afpxf hotl bµd nhIN krvfxf hY.''

1951 ivwc ihµdU koz ibwl dy muwdy Aupr bfbf sfihb ny kfƒn mµqrI dy ahudy qoN asqIÌf dy idwqf sI. AunHF dI koTI pr hr roË afAux vfilafN dI BIV Gt geI sI. AunHF ny mYƒ puwiCafN ik rwqU qusIN myry nfl kµm krn ƒ kihµdy sI. hux qyrf kµm krn df smF af igaf hY. pRµqU myry nfl kµm krnf bhuq kiTn hY. kI qusIN aYsf kr skogy? mY AunHF ƒ inmrqf nfl kµm krn df Brosf idvfieaf sI.'' ÈRI rwqU jI ny bfbf sfihb aµbyzkr jI dIaF syvfvF qoN mfnisk lfB qoN ielfvf hor koeI lfB nhIN AuTfieaf. jd ik Aus smyN ivc bhuq sfry lokF ny, ijnHF ny bfbf sfihb jI dI QoVI ijhI vI syvf kIqI, Aucy ahudy pRfpq kIqy aqy Bfrq srkfr dy bhuq bVy pd aiDkfrI bxy hoey hn. sRI rwqU Bfrq srkfr dy Kurfk mµqrfly ivc Auwc aiDkfrI sn aqy bfbf sfihb dy smfijk aqy Dfrimk aµdoln ivc pUrI rucI rKdy sn. jo kuJ AunHF qoN iek bVy srkfrI aiDkfrI dy qOr qy bx pfieaf, Auh bfbf sfihb dy imÈn leI krdy rhy. ‘‘nfgpur ivc dIkÈf lYx df sB qoN anoKf kµm sI . ieh myry jIvn ivc hI nhIN blik Bfrq dy ieiqhfs ivc iek apUrx aqy anoKI Gtnf sI. pUry dyÈ ivc iek ajIb mfhOl sI. bfbf sfihb Auwqy keI vfr hmly ho cwuky sI. kwtVpµQI rfq idn DmkIaF dy rhy sI. Drm pRIvrqn Auwqy pUry dyÈ ivc crcf df bfËfr grm sI. kuJ smfcfr pwqrF ƒ Cwz ky sB aÉbfr bfbf jI dy ivrwuD Ëihr Auwgl rhy sI. sB kfrXkrqf bfbf jI dI cOksI ivc lgy hoey sn. idwlI qoN nfgpur phuµcx dy leI ryl dy smfcfr idwqy jf rhy sI aqy Ausy qrF rylvy styÈn pr vI svfgq dIaF iqafrIaF ho rhIaF sI pRµqU kfrXkrqf TIk smyN pr bfbf jI ƒ idwlI qoN nfgpur hvfeI jhfj dy duafrf lY gey sI. sB kfrXkrqf afpxy afpxy kµm ivc ivasq sI. bfbf sfihb qwk phuµcx leI mYN pRmuwK mfiDam sI. mYƒ AunHF idnF ivc afpxy jIvn df prm swuK imilaf sI. mYN AunHF plF ƒ aµiqm smyN qk vI nhIN Bwul skdf hF.''

bfbf sfihb jI df aµiqm sµdyÈ ieh sI ik; ‘Auh hmyÈf sÉq imhnq dy nfl ividaf, sµgTn aqy sµGrÈ dI gwl krdy sI qy ikhf krdy sI ik ieh dyÈ dilqF df hY aqy ieh dilqF dy hwQF ivc hI surwiKaq rih skdf hY. ies leI hux smF af igaf hY ik ies ƒ sµBflx dy leI ividaf pr kbËf hoxf jrUrI hY. qusIN iek idn dyÈ Auwpr rfj krogy aqy iewQoN dI Auwc jfqI quhfzy qoN afpxy leI irËrvyÈn dI mµg krygI.'' bfbf sfihb dIaF AuhnF sflF ivwc ilKIaF qkrIbn sB ikqfbF dy KrVy rwqU jI dy tfeIp kIqy. Auh hr KrVy ƒ soDky bfad ivwc keI keI vfr tfeIp krdy. bfbf sfihb dy afKrI Èfhkfr grµQ ‘dI buwDf aYNz ihË Dwmf' ƒ pqf nhIN AuhnF ƒ vIh vfr tfeIp krnf ipaf. koTI qoN Gr df Pfslf 10 mIl sI. kuwJ vI hovy, Duwp hovy jF srdI, JwKV hovy jF qUPfn, rwqU jI df svyr Èfm koTI jf ky tfiep krnf aqy bfbf sfihb dI dvfeI aqy dyK Bfl leI jfxf atuwt inXm sI.

rwqU jI ny do ikqfbF (1) lfst iPAU XIarË afP zf[ aµbyzkr aqy (2) romIinssYnsj aYNz rImYNmbrYNnsj afP zf[ bI[ afr[ aµbyzkr ivwc bfbf sfihb dI iPlfsPI aqy jIvn sµGrÈ dy sµKyp vrnx qoN ielfvf AuhnF dI inËI i˵dgI aqy AuhnF dy hor ruJyivaF bfry durlwB jfxkfrI idwqI hY. rwqU jI ny nfgpur ivwc aµbyzkr imAUiËam sQfpq kIqf. rwqU jI dIaF smfj leI kIqIaF syvfvF leI AuhnF ƒ drjxF boD aqy aµbyzkrI sµsQfvF ny snmfnq kIqf.
aµq! bfbf sfihb aµbyzkr jI dy rqn nfnk cµd rwqU jI 15 sqµbr 2000 ƒ inrvfx pRfpq kr gey.
Posted on September 14, 2010